A
Acid-free:
Papers that are free of acid at the time of their manufacture, with
a pH ranging from 7.0 to 9.0. Acid-free materials can become acidic
over time, leading to the weakening of cellulose in papers, causing
discoloration and deterioration. For permanence, paper fibers must be
as pure cellulose as possible.
Acid-sized
Paper: Paper manufactured under acid conditions with no surface
buffering capacity, with a pH below 7 (typically 4.0 to 6.5).
Acidity:
The state of a substance that contains acid. Paper may become acidic
from the ingredients used in its manufacture, storage methods, usage,
or environmental conditions.
Acid
Migration:
The transfer of acid from an acidic material to a less acidic or neutral-pH
material. Occurs when neutral materials are exposed to atmospheric pollutants
(air, water, artist's hands) or when two paper materials come in contact.
Acid can also migrate from adhesives, boards, endpapers, protective
tissues, paper covers, acidic art supplies, and memorabilia.
Acrylic:
A water-soluble paint made from pigments and a plastic binder.
Adhesive:
Bonding agent that artists use to affixed one item to another. Depending
on the weight of the item being affixed, artists will make a selection
from the assortment of adhesives available. Some popular adhesive choices
the glue stick, double-sided tape, foam tape, hot glue, rubber cement,
spray adhesive, PVA, PPA, Yes! Glue, and E6000. Related Shoppe products:Glue Dots, Gel Medium,
Quality Adhesives.
Adobe
Photoshop, Photoshop:
A popular software program for editing photographs and graphics. Photoshop
has all kinds of tools for manipulating images, including cropping,
re-sizing, rotating, drawing, erasing and colorizing. Available in most
computer stores and www.adobe.com. Magazine issues with related
articles: Legacy/Autumn 2003, "Cyber Art," page 61.
Alkaline:
A chemical used to neutralize acids as they form within or migrate to
paper. Note: High-alkaline papers are no better than high-acid papers.
Alum:
An astringent crystalline substance used in rosin sizing to hold paper
fibers together; responsible for introducing acid into the paper.
Angle
(of pen): The angle at which the pen meets the paper in relation
to the writing line.
Archival:
Archival (or conservation) quality materials are stable or chemically
balanced, suggesting durability and permanence (a high resistance to
aging). Such materials are considered safe for preservation purposes;
agencies that govern large archives, such as the Library of Congress,
set archival standards for their curation.
Armenian
bole: Red-brown pigment used to add color to gesso.
Art
Quilt:
An art object that incorporates principles found in traditional quilting,
along with mixed-media techniques such as embellishing with found objects,
art stamping, and image transferring. Related Shoppe products:Material Visions – A Gallery of
Miniature Art Quilts.
Artist
Trading Cards:
Tiny works of original art that are traded among artists traded among
artists. Traders often keep their collection of ATCs in binders filled
with clear vinyl pages, nine pockets per page. Each card measures approximately
2-1/2" x 3-1/2".
Ascender:
The part of a lower-case letter which extends above the x-height.
Assemblage:
(as-am-blazh) Three-Dimensional objects glued to a surface. Sometimes
used in conjunction with collage and montage.
B
Base Line: The line on which the main part of a letter (excluding
ascender and descender) rests.
Bast
Fibers: Fibers commonly used in Japanese papermaking, including
flax, gampi, hemp, jute, kozo and mitsumata.
Batik:
A method of dyeing a fabric by which the parts of the fabric not intended
to be dyed are covered with removable wax, or a design created using
this method. Related Shoppe products:"Batik:
For Artists & Quilters".
Beading:
Ornamentation with beads. Also called beadwork. Related Shoppe products:Bits of Beading.
Beater:
Used to separate the fibers in paper preparation; includes wood mallets,
professional mechanical beaters, or kitchen blenders (caution: they
chop rather than beat the pulp).
Binding:
To enclose and fasten (a book or other printed material) between covers.
Related Shoppe product:Binding
Punches and Discs.
Bleed:
A feathery effect that occurs when too much ink or paint is absorbed
by the paper.
BMP:
Acronym for bit map, an image made up of dots or pixels. The downside
of BMPs: When you scale the image, that is make it larger or smaller,
it typically becomes distorted. Magazine issues with related articles:
Legacy/Winter 2004, "Cyber Art," page 75.
Bone
Folder: A flat piece of bone or plastic, round at one end,
pointed at the other. Used for scoring and folding paper.
Bookmaking:
Binding or otherwise creating books.
Brayer:
A small rubber "rolling pin" used to flatten papers, smooth
surfaces, or apply paints or inks.
Broad-edged
Nib: In calligraphy, a pen nib which produces thick and thin
strokes by writing at a constant angle, not by pressure.
Buffering:
Neutralizing acids in paper by adding an alkaline chemical such as calcium
carbonate or magnesium carbonate into the paper pulp. The buffer protects
the paper from acid and environmental pollutants but is not meant to
absorb large amounts of acid.
Burnish:
To polish to a glossy finish.
C
Caliper: The thickness of paper expressed in thousandths
of an inch.
Casein:
Colored pigment with a milk-based binder. Usually opaque, unless applied
in a thin glaze.
CD-ROM:
Short for Compact Disc-Read Only Memory. CD-ROMs can hold a lot of information–the
equivalent of about 300,000 pages of text–which makes them ideal
for sharing genealogy indexes, clip art and other large files. You can't
erase or add to the information on CD-ROMs, which is why they're called
read-only.
Cellulose:
The chief constituent of the cell walls in plants. All plants contain
tissue that, when properly processed, will yield cellulose. Cotton is
100 percent cellulose; high alpha wood pulp can be 93 percent cellulose.
Chemical
Stability:
A desirable characteristic of conservation or preservation materials.
The ability to resist chemical degradation over time and/or upon exposure
to light, pollutants, and inferior storage.
Clip
Art:
Graphic images you can download or copy from the Internet or from a
CD-ROM disc (or literally clip the art from a book, magazine or other
print medium. If you’re not adept at drawing or painting, clip
art is an easy way to illustrate your scrapbooks, journals and other
crafts.
Cold
Pressed: A paper with slight surface texture produced by
pressing the finished sheet between cold cylinders.
Complementary
Color: Each primary color (red, blue, yellow) has a complementary
(opposite) color made by mixing the other two (red and green, for example).
Related Shoppe products:"The
Complete Color Directory", "Color
of My Soul".
Cotton
Linters: Fibers that adhere to cottonseed after ginning.
Used as raw material to produce low-shrinkage pulp for cotton-fiber
papers; the term also refers to such preprocessed pulp ideal for paper
casting. Cotton linters cannot produce a paper with the strength of
cotton rag.
Couching
- Pronounced koo-ching. The process of transferring a newly formed sheet
of paper onto a prepared bed of woven material so that the water can
be pressed out.
Crop:
To trim the unwanted parts of an image. You can do this manually, with
the actual image in your hand and a pair of scissors or an X-Acto knife,
or you can do it on your computer with a scanned image and an image
editing program such as Adobe Photoshop. Either way, you’re simply
cutting out what you don’t want in a photo or graphic.
Cylinder
Machine: A papermaking machine in which a wire-covered cylinder
rotates partly submerged in a vat containing dilute paper stock. The
sheet is formed on the outside of the wire as the water drains, and
lifted from the wire by a felt.
D Deckle
- In papermaking, the removable frame which rests on top of the mold
to hold the pulp and define the edge of the sheet.
Deckle
Frame: The removable wood frame that rests on or is hinged
to the edges of the wire mold. It prevents the pulp from running off
the mold and defines the edges of the sheet of handmade paper.
Deckle
Edge: The natural feathery edge of paper; the result of the
run-off of wet pulp when making handmade paper. The edges can be simulated
with machinemade paper by "cutting" it with a stream of water
while still wet. Handmade paper has four deckle edges; machinemade papers
usually have two.
Decollage:
To tear down a collaged surface.
Decoupage:
The technique of decorating a surface with cutouts, as of paper, or
a creation produced by this technique. Related Shoppe products:"The Decoupage Gallery" and Decoupage
Paper Collection.
Descender:
The part of a lower-case letter which descends below the baseline.
De-acidify:
The process of removing acid from paper, documents and other items to
prevent deterioration. There are a variety of chemicals on the market
for de-acidifying documents, such as Archival Mist. Before using them,
test on a small corner of the document first. Do not use on photographs.
Related Shoppe products:Archival
Mist. Magazine issues with related articles: Legacy/Spring
2004, page 96.
Digital:
An image composed of pixels or dots, the smallest units found on monitors.
Dimensional
Stability: The degree to which a paper will maintain its
size and shape when subjected to changes in moisture content and relative
humidity.
DPI:
Measures the resolution of a scanner, printer, or image; the more dots
(or pixels) per inch, the sharper the image. Images used for magazines
and other print media typically have a high resolution, such as 300
dpi, versus a low-resolution image on the Internet of 72 DPI.
Ductus:
In calligraphy, the direction of strokes in letterforms.
Durability:
The degree to which paper retains its original qualities with use. See
Permanence.
E Embossing
Gun - A professional heat tool that directs hot air to a
precise area. The forced heat melts embossing powder, creating a slightly
raised surface on the design.
Embossing
Powder
- Available in a multitude of colors and granulations, Fine Detail,
Dimensional Enamel or Regular granulation, embossing powder is a fast
melting powder that delivers rich colors and solid surface bonding.
Sprinkle onto a wet, inked surface, and then apply direct heat to melt,
creating a slightly raised design.
Encaustic
Painting:
Painting by means of wax with which the colors are combined, and which
is afterwards fused with hot irons, thus fixing the colors. Related
Shoppe products:"The
Art of Encaustic Painting".
Ephemera:
Ephemera is anything short-lived, but also refers to printed matter
of passing interest. Artists may use ephemera, such as vintage postcards,
in their collages or other artwork. Related Shoppe products:The Ephemera Book.
Epoxy:
Two resins that, when mixed together, harden to form a strong bond.
Exemplar:
An alphabet in a lettering style; can be decorative or used for study.
Felt
- The woven blanket used as a surface for transferring the newly formed
sheet of paper from the mold to the couching pad.
Felt
Finish (or Felt Mark): Surface characteristics of paper formed
at the wet end of a paper machine, using woven wool or synthetic felts
with distinctive patterns to create a similar texture in the finish
sheets.
Felt
Side: The top side of the paper, usually recommended for
best printing results.
Fiber:
A slender, elongated, threadlike object or structure – something
that provides substance or texture. Related Shoppe products:Fantastic Fibers, Art
Yarns, Threads.
Filler:
A generic term to describe the non-oxidizing clays or minerals added
to the pulp at the beater stage to improve paper density.
Findings:
Also known as "found objects" or "ephemera," findings
are items that an artist encounters (either accidentally or purposefully)
and collects for the intention of utilizing in future art projects.
Related Shoppe products:Watch
Findings & Faces, Collected
Objects for Creative Minds.
Finishing:
The cutting, sorting, trimming and packing of paper.
Fonts:
Experimenting with different styles of typefaces , or fonts, can enliven
your journals, scrapbook pages and other artwork. You can choose different
fonts in your word processing program, order special fonts on CD-ROMs
or download them off of the Internet.
Form:
Abbreviation for letterform.
Formation:
The arrangement of fibers in a sheet of paper; can be seen by holding
it up to a light source.
Fused
Glass:
glass heated in a kiln – a process dating back thousands of years.
Related Shoppe products:Glass
Tags, Circles, and more!, Glass Heart
Tags. Magazine issues with related article(s):
Legacy™ Spring 2004 – page 40, Somerset Studio® May/June
2004 – page 22, Belle Armoire® Spring 2004 – page 44
G Gampi:
A bast fiber from the rare gampi tree used in Japanese papermaking to
yield a smooth, strong sheet.
Gel
Medium: See polymer medium.
Related Shoppe products:Golden Gel Medium.
Magazine issues with related article(s): Somerset Studio®
May/June 2004 page 66
Gesso:
An opaque chalk-like base used to prepare surfaces for painting, lettering,
gilding, etc. Related Shoppe products:Golden
Product.
GIF:
Short for graphic interchange format. Usually pronounced "jiff,"
GIF is widely used to format images that appear on Web pages because
they contain compressed data, so they'll download onto your computer
faster. Because GIFs allow for only 256 colors, they're used to format
illustrations rather than color photos, which require a larger palette.
Glair:
Beaten egg white, used as a binding agent in gesso.
Glassine:
A transparent, non-stick paper used in gilding; also known as Crystal
Parchment. gm/m2: The metric measure of weight for artists' papers.
It standardizes the weight in grams of a paper, one square meter of
space, regardless of individual sheet formations. Check
out our Glassine Envelopes.
Gilding
- The application of gold foil to a surface.
Gouache:
(gwash) Opaque watercolor (a colored pigment with a gum binder and an
opaque filler).
Grain
Direction: The direction in which a majority of the fibers
lie in a finished sheet of paper.
Gum
Ammoniac: A plant resin used to make sizing for gilding.
Gum
Arabic: A plant resin used to bind color pigments. Improves
paint flow and adds gloss.
Gum
Sandarac: A plant resin used as a water repellent. Prevents
excessive bleeding on absorbent papers.
H
Handmade
Paper: Paper made by hand using a mold (a frame covered with
a flat, rigid (Western) or flexible (Oriental) screen). The mold is covered
by a flat frame called a deckle to contain the run-off of wet pulp, then
dipped into a vat of wet pulp, shaken to distribute the fibers evenly,
and drained of excess water. The wet mat of fibers remaining forms the
sheet of paper, which is pressed and dried using various methods.
High
Alpha Cellulose: A very pure form of wood pulp; it is thought
to have the same longevity as cotton, linen, or other natural fiber.
Historiated
Initial: A decorated capital letter which contains the elements
of the text in pictorial form.
Hot
Glue Sticks: Solid sticks of glue in clear, white, and colors
(some with glitter), used with a hot glue gun. Magazine issues with
related article(s): Take Ten 2, pages 49-51
Hot
Pressed: A smooth, glazed paper surface produced by pressing
a finished sheet of paper through hot cylinders.
HTML:
Short for Hyper Text Mark-up Language, a universal code used to create
Web pages. Certain characters inserted between brackets determine the
style and look of the page's text and graphics. For instance, <p>
indicates a paragraph.
I
Ink-jet printers:
These have become popular tools for artists because they're both inexpensive
and handy. Ink-jet printers work by spraying ink onto a page; the resolution
of the image is so good you can reproduce photographs and other images
for use in crafts. But beware: The inks are not always waterproof or suitable
for archival pieces. You may need to purchase special inks if you’re
concerned about longevity. Magazine issues with related articles:
Legacy/Autumn 2003, "Cyber Art," page 61.
Inks:
Colored pigment
suspended in various soluble and insoluble binders. Inks tend not to
be lightfast as other media. Related Shoppe products:4
Ink Bottle Kit, Palette for Pens.
Interference
Pigment: Metal oxides or particles of mica which cause an
iridescence or luster when mixed with acrylic paints.
Interlinear
Space: The space between two lines of writing, usually measured
by the x-height.
J
Joss
Paper:
Gold and silver paper burned by the Chinese in worship and at funerals.
Related Shoppe products:Joss Papers.
Magazine issues with related article(s): Somerset Studio March/April
2004 pages 74-75
JPEG,
JPG:
Acronym for Joint Photographic Expert Group, a widely used format for
files that contain photographs and other images. Digital photographs
are often saved as JPEGs because the files are compressed, making it
easy to transmit and store them. Magazine issues with related articles:
Legacy/Winter 2004, "Cyber Art," page 75.
K
Kinwashi:
A translucent machine-made paper smooth on one side and textured on
the other with straw-like fibers.
Kozo:
The most common fiber used in Japanese papermaking, it comes from the
mulberry tree. A long, tough fiber that produces strong, absorbent sheets.
L
Laid Paper: Paper with a grid pattern in the sheet resulting
from the pulp resting against wires sewn to the papermaking mold screen.
Laid lines are closely spaced while chain lines are farther apart and
run parallel with the grain direction of the sheet. Important when folding
papers, especially to bookbinders.
Layout:
The arrangement of heading, text, illustration, and artwork on a page.
Letterform:
The actual shape of a letter.
Ligatures:
Linking strokes between letters.
Lightfastness:
The speed at which a pigment or colored paper fades in sunlight.
Lignin:
A component of the cell walls in plants. Its presence in paper may contribute
to chemical degradation. It can be removed during manufacture; some
consider lignin to be more harmful to photographs than acid.
Masking:
A technique used to get the effect of stamped images behind each other,
in front of another, or coming out of or going into one another. Related
Shoppe products:The Art of Rubber
Stamping: Easy As 1-2-3.
Metal
Embossing/Repoussage: Art or process of hammering out or
pressing thin metal from the reverse side.
Metallic
Pigments: Microscopic metal flakes with an aqueous binder
suitable
for artistic use. To slow tarnishing, coat with gel medium.
Methyl
Cellulose (wallpaper paste): A pure adhesive which dries
clear. Suitable for archival mounting.
Mica:
Any of a group of chemically and physically related aluminum silicate
minerals, common in igneous and metamorphic rocks, characteristically
splitting into flexible sheets. Related Shoppe products:Mica
Tiles. Magazine issues with related article(s): Legacy/Summer
2003 page 22
Minuscule:
Small letters with ascenders and descenders; lower-case.
Mitsumata:
A bast fiber used in Japanese papermaking that yields a soft, absorbent
and lustrous quality.
Moldmade
(or Mouldmade) Paper: Paper made by slowly rotating a cylinder
mold that simulates the hand-papermaking process. Fibers become more
randomly intertwined than in machinemade papers, producing a stronger,
more flexible sheet or roll.
Monoline:
Letters made entirely with strokes of a single nib width; also known
as skeleton letters.
Montage:
A work of art incorporating photographs into a collage.
Muller:
A flat-based ground-glass pestle for grinding gesso
ingredients on a ground-glass slab.
Mylar:
A protective clear polyester covering for photos and album pages; the
highest quality material used for this purpose.
N
Nap: A slight surface texture of some writing surfaces.
Nib:
The writing tip of a pen or quill. Related Shoppe products:Quill
Pen Set.
O
Opaque: A surface lacking clarity (cannot be seen through)
which does not transmit light rays.
Ox-gall
Liquid: Extender added sparingly to mixed paint to improve
flow from the pen or brush.
P
Papyrus
(Papyri): A large aquatic plant of the sedge family; writing
and artist material is made from its pithy inner stem. Papyrus is not
paper, but the result of layering the pith in strips at right angles
to each other, beating them, and allowing them to dry and bleach in
the hot sun. Archival in nature, Egyptian papyri have been known to
remain in a nearly pristine state for centuries. Magazine issues
with related article(s): Somerset Studio March/April 2000 page 12
Parchment:
Animal skins or linings stretched and prepared as writing/painting surface.
Produces a smooth, buttery surface; the preferred (although expensive)
material of many calligraphers.
Paste-up:Assemblage of cut-up elements of a piece of
work, stuck onto paper to finalize a layout.
Permanence:
The degree to which paper resists deterioration or change to its properties
over time. Permanence must also take into consideration storage and
end-use conditions. Even a paper with a 4.0 acid pH will last indefinitely
if stored under ideal conditions.
pH:
A measure of the concentration of acidity or alkalinity in paper; the
scale runs from 1 pH (very high acid content) through 7 pH (balanced,
neutral) to 14 pH (very high alkaline content). Buffered papers range
from 7 to 9 pH.
Photo
Safe: A term used by manufacturers to indicate their products
are safe for photos. There is no regulation of this term; it is held
to be highly suspect.
Pixels:
Short for picture elements, which make up digital images. Each pixel,
or dot, in a digital image has a specific color and intensity level.
The more pixels or dots per inch (dpi), the better the resolution. Magazine
issues with related articles: Legacy/Winter 2004, "Cyber Art,"
page 75.
Plate
Finish: A smooth surface found on paper that has been run
under a calender machine one or more times.
Ply:
A single layer of paper.
Polymer
Clay:
A malleable clay that can be hardened with baking. Polymer clay be used
to create jewelry, and much more.
Polymer
Medium: A protective acrylic liquid used as an adhesive for
light- to middle-weight papers; also used as a varnish for decoupage.
Glossy and dull matte finishes are available.
Pounce/Pumice:
In calligraphy, a fine powder used to remove grease from paper or vellum.
Postoid:
Faux postage stamp, often created with art stamps and collage techniques.
Postoids are not meant to be used in place of regular postage; they
are an art form, sometimes collectible.
Preservation
(Conservation): Activity associated with maintaining library,
archival, or museum materials for use in their original form or in other
forms such as micro fiche or CD-ROM.
Pulp:
Any cellulose plant fiber (cotton, linen, wood, other plants) which
is cleaned and beaten into a wet mixture of stock used to form sheets
of paper.
PVA:
Polyvinylacetate; an archival white glue, it is stronger than gel medium.
It mixes well with gloss medium. Transparent even after many coats,
it will always remain water soluble. Mixed with gel, it becomes water
resistant.
Q
Quill: Flight feathers cured and cut to make a nib. Related
Shoppe products:Quill Pen Set.
Quilt
Binding: A strip of fabric that is sewn on all edges of a
quilt to cover the raw edges of the quilt top, batting, and backing.
R
Rag Paper: Paper made from cotton or linen rag (textile)
fiber. Once made into thread, these fibers are longer, tougher, and
somewhat hardened. Rag papers contain from 50- to 100-percent cotton
fiber pulp, which is indicated as a percentage of the total fiber content.
Rags:
Processed clippings of new cotton remnants from the garment industry
for use in high-quality papers.
Recycled
Paper: Paper made from post-consumer waste; used paper is
cooked in chemicals, de-inked, and reduced to pulp for the manufacture
of new paper.
Ream:
500 sheets of paper.
Repoussage/Metal
Embossing: Art or
process of hammering out or pressing thin metal from the reverse side.
Rice
Paper: A misnomer used to describe lightweight Oriental papers.
There is no such thing as "rice paper," but rice straw is occasionally
mixed with other fibers in Asian papermaking, and rice starch is used
to size papers made from kozo (mulberry), gampi,
and mitsumata fibers.
Rough:
A heavily textured paper surface produced by textured blankets, air
drying, or both.
Rubber
Stamp Carving:
Using carving tools to carve your own design or a found design into
stamp material such as soft vinyl eraser-like substances. Related
Shoppe products: Rubber Stamp
Carving: Techniques, Designs & Projects, Stamp
Carving Tools and Blocks.
S
Sans-Serif:
Letter without a serif (foot), such as Helvetica.
Scanner:
Scanners operate much the same as a photocopier, except the images are
captured not on paper but in pixels on your computer screen. The images
are digitized, which allows you to manipulate them with an image editing
program such as Adobe Photoshop. You can scan a photograph, then crop
it, erase unwanted elements, change a background, change the color scheme,
change the size, and so on. Scanners make it easy to reproduce your
original photographs and memorabilia so you can preserve the original.
Magazine issues with related articles: Legacy/Winter 2004, "Cyber
Art," page 75.
Serif:
The foot on a letterform; the ending of or lead into a letter.
Shade:
Made by adding black to any color.
Size:
Material such as rosin, glue, gelatin, starch, or modified cellulose
added to the stock at pulp stage, or applied to the surface of the paper
when dry, to provide resistance to liquid penetration. It eliminates
ink feathering and bleed-through.
Sizing
(internal): Refers to sizing added to the pulp in the beater,
before the sheet is made.
Sizing
(surface):
Refers to sizing applied to the paper after it has been formed. Most
western papers are internally sized. The additional conditioning with
surface sizing further controls the paper's absorbency.
Sizing
(tub): A surface sizing process which passes the dried sheet
through a tub-sized bath or vat, re-drying the paper, and hardening
the size. Tub sizing yields a deeper sized paper, producing a sheet
that is very resilient when working and reworking the surface. Many
watercolor papers are tub sized.
Skeleton
Letter: A letter made without the calligraphic weight of
a broad-edged nib.
Stamp
Positioner
- A see-through tool that allows you to position stamp images precisely
where you want them.
Stem:
Main upright stroke of a letter.
Stitching:
To fasten or join with or as if with stitches. Related Shoppe products:Elegant
Stitches.
Stroke:
The part of a letter made without lifting the pen from the writing surface.
Sulphite
Pulp: Produced through a chemical process from the wood of
coniferous trees; a fairly long, strong fiber. Available in a range
of grades; pure alpha pulp is noted for its archival quality.
T
Tempera: Colored pigment with several binders which render
the paint opaque. Like gouache, tempera is water soluble even after
drying.
TIFF:
An uncompressed file, best used when you need to capture small details
but they're memory hogs – they take up a lot of storage space on
your computer. Magazine issues with related articles: Legacy/Winter
2004, "Cyber Art," page 75
Tint:
Made by adding white to any opaque color.
Tone:
The shade gradations from white to black, or from light to dark.
Tooth:
A very slight surface texture of paper which prevents the nib from slipping.
Translucent:
Between transparent and opaque; objects can be seen through it but without
clarity.
Transparent
Tape: A double-sided, glue-like 3M product used in photo
mounting and mat making. Removable and non-yellowing.
Typography:
The arrangement and appearance of printed matter.
U
Unryu: An ornamental machine-made acid-free paper. It is
fibrous, and lightweight, yet strong. Used in collage
and other paper crafting. T-unryu is handmade. Most often the fiber
is kozo.
Upper
Case: Capital letter or majuscule.
V
Vellum: A finely textured paper surface; a term also used to
designate heavy weight, translucent drawing, or crafting papers. Related
Shoppe products:Vellum and
Vellum Adhesive
W
Walnut Ink:
Walnut ink crystals are derived from the walnut shells and are a very
versatile, water soluble colorant.
Watercolor:
Colored pigment mixed with gum arabic binder. Usually transparent and
water soluble after drying.
Watercolor
Board: Made of 100-percent cotton rag, this is a rigid surface
suitable for collage and assemblage
supports.
Watercolor
Paper: A 100-percent cotton rag-quality paper. Comes in light,
medium, and heavy weights and surface textures such as hot-pressed (smooth)
and cold-pressed (rough).
Waterleaf:
A paper with little or no sizing, like blotter; very absorbent.
Watermark:
The translucent design or name easily visible when a sheet is held to
the light. To create a watermark, attach a design of raised wire to
the papermaking screen. When the sheet of paper is formed, the pulp
settles in a thinner layer over the wire design.
